Which of the following describes survey research?

Survey research is primarily characterized by the systematic collection of data through questionnaires or interviews to understand and measure public opinion or behaviors on specific topics. Gathering data from interviews with representative samples allows researchers to draw conclusions about a larger population based on the responses from a smaller, chosen group. This method helps identify trends, preferences, and viewpoints that can inform policy, marketing decisions, and various other areas of study.

The other options pointed towards different research methods. Using archival data for analysis refers to secondary research, which involves examining existing records rather than collecting new data. Conducting focus groups is a qualitative approach focused on discussion and dialogue rather than individual opinions on a wide scale, and analyzing previous marketing strategies pertains to evaluating past actions rather than actively collecting new public opinion data. Therefore, the description of survey research aligns directly with the gathering of data from representative samples to measure public opinion.